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1. The steel industry is also one of the major polluters. In 2001, the ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry emitted 445,136 tons of smoke, 810,171 tons of dust, and a total of 1,255,307 tons of particulate pollutants. Adding the pollution emissions from the non-ferrous metal industry, the total is about 1.67 million tons. Compared with the average annual atmospheric pollution emissions of 2 million tons in the metallurgical industry from 1978 to 1980, the metallurgical industry has been developing for more than 20 years, but the pollution emissions have not increased but decreased. This is the result of a large number of electrostatic precipitators being applied in the metallurgical industry, and the electrostatic precipitator technology has made great progress, and its application field is constantly expanding. In this respect, the metallurgical industry is also a major user of electrostatic precipitators, but there is still a considerable gap between this and the requirements of the country.
2.During the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" period, my country's steel production increased from 46.79 million tons to 66.04 million tons. The exhaust gas emissions of various enterprises calculated by tons of steel are shown in Table 6-45, and the pollutant emissions are shown in Table 6-46. Statistics show that the SO2 emission rate per ton of steel has not changed much in the past five years, and there is not much difference between enterprises. The industrial smoke and dust emissions per ton of steel have decreased year by year, and the smoke and dust emissions per ton of steel of key enterprises have stabilized at 7.5~9kg/t (steel).
3.The iron and steel industry originally belonged to the metallurgical system, namely ferrous metallurgy or ferrous metals, including sintering plants, coking plants, steel mills, iron mills, rolling mills, ferroalloy plants and refractory plants, etc. These plants have pollution sources, producing smoke and dust, harmful gases, wastewater, and secondary smoke control problems. The characteristics of smoke generated during the steel production process are listed in Table 6-47
4.As of the 1990s, there were 89 sintering plants in my country, equipped with 212 sintering machines, 1,011 iron blast furnaces, 271 ferroalloy blast furnaces, 73 open-hearth furnaces, 184 converters, 132 top-blown converters, 1,427 steelmaking electric furnaces, 528 ferroalloy electric furnaces, as well as rolling mills and refractory material plants, which are all sources of pollutant emissions. For example, a steel enterprise with an annual output of 1 million tons will generate 80x10'm° of flue gas and 10x104t of dust in the three production processes of steelmaking, ironmaking and sintering. The waste gas contains a large amount of CO, CO2, SO: gases and trace amounts of HS and NO.